-- Time the full-frame GVRAM blit (tools/bench/blit.s) on the emulated 68000.
--
-- This is the first measurement in the project where 68000 instructions, not
-- Lua, put the pixels on screen.  It validates (or kills) the 38% full-frame
-- blit estimate the whole CPU budget rests on.
--
-- MEASUREMENT SCOPE.  MAME's gvram_w/gvram_r (x68k_crtc.cpp:501,595) contain
-- no timing whatsoever -- no wait states, no icount adjustment.  So what is
-- measured here is pure 68000 instruction cycles against zero-wait-state
-- memory.  Real X68000 GVRAM stalls the CPU; every number below is therefore
-- a LOWER BOUND, not a prediction.  Interrupts are masked (SR=$2700) so the
-- IPL's timer and VBL handlers cannot steal cycles into the measurement.
--
-- Timing resolution is one video frame (1/55.46 s = 18.03 ms), because Lua
-- gets no cycle counter -- luaengine.cpp exposes machine.time and nothing
-- from device_execute_interface.  Each variant therefore loops enough times
-- to run ~4 emulated seconds, putting the granularity error near 0.4%.

M = manager.machine
SP = M.devices[":maincpu"].spaces["program"]

local function load_mode()
  for _,p in ipairs{"../tools/bench/crtc_mode.lua","tools/bench/crtc_mode.lua","crtc_mode.lua"} do
    local f = loadfile(p); if f then return f() end
  end
  error("crtc_mode.lua not found")
end
local MODE = load_mode()

local FLAG, VAR, ITER = 0x18000, 0x18004, 0x18008
local SRCW, SRCB      = 0x60000, 0x80000
local GVRAM, GPAL     = 0xC00000, 0xE82000
local CPUHZ           = 10000000            -- x68k.cpp:1133, 40_MHz_XTAL/4
local FRAME12         = CPUHZ / 12          -- 833333 cycles at 12 fps

-- Iteration counts sized so every variant runs ~4 emulated seconds.
local PLAN = {
  {var=1, iter=100, name="V1 movem.l blit from word-expanded RAM (96KB read + 96KB write)"},
  {var=2, iter= 50, name="V2 naive byte-source expansion (move.b/move.w per pixel)"},
  {var=3, iter=200, name="V3 write-only floor (no source read at all)"},
  {var=4, iter= 60, name="V4 same 96KB of writes, issued in 4x4 BLOCK order (decoder access pattern)"},
}

local code do
  local f = io.open("blit.bin","rb"); code = f:read("a"); f:close()
end

local frame do
  local f = io.open("frame256.bin","rb"); frame = f:read("a"); f:close()
end
local function B(i) return string.byte(frame,i) end
local W, H   = B(5)*256+B(6), B(7)*256+B(8)
local PAL0, PIX0 = 9, 9+256*3
local YOFF   = (MODE.height - H) // 2

-- Identical packing to show_frame256.lua: shared LSB I chosen per entry.
local function pal6(v) return ((v<<2)|(v>>4)) & 0xff end
local function pack(r,g,b)
  local f = {r>>3, g>>3, b>>3}
  local best, bestI = nil, 1
  for I = 0,1 do
    local e = 0
    for c = 1,3 do
      local want = ({r,g,b})[c]
      local d = pal6((f[c]<<1)|I) - want
      e = e + d*d
    end
    if best == nil or e < best then best, bestI = e, I end
  end
  return (f[2]<<11)|(f[1]<<6)|(f[3]<<1)|bestI
end

local function T() local t = M.time; return t.seconds + t.attoseconds/1e18 end
local function P(s) print("[BLIT] "..s) end

local function setup()
  MODE.apply(SP)
  -- letterbox rows: GVRAM holds IPL leftovers, not zeros
  for y = 0, MODE.height-1 do
    if y < YOFF or y >= YOFF+H then
      local base = GVRAM + y*1024
      for x = 0, MODE.width-1 do SP:write_u16(base + x*2, 0) end
    end
  end
  for c = 0, 255 do
    local o = PAL0 + c*3
    SP:write_u16(GPAL + c*2, pack(B(o), B(o+1), B(o+2)))
  end
  -- Source frames in main RAM.  SRCW holds one pixel per WORD with the index
  -- in the low byte; the high byte is left as-is because gvram_w masks it off.
  for y = 0, H-1 do
    local row = PIX0 + y*W
    for x = 0, W-1 do
      local px = B(row+x)
      SP:write_u16(SRCW + y*512 + x*2, px)
      SP:write_u8 (SRCB + y*256 + x,   px)
    end
  end
  for i = 1, #code do SP:write_u8(0x10000+i-1, string.byte(code,i)) end
  P(string.format("loaded blit.bin=%d bytes, source frame %dx%d at yoff=%d", #code, W, H, YOFF))
end

local step, st, t0, snapped = 0, "boot", nil, false
local results = {}

local function launch(p)
  SP:write_u32(FLAG, 0)
  SP:write_u32(VAR,  p.var)
  SP:write_u32(ITER, p.iter)
  local cpu = M.devices[":maincpu"]
  cpu.state["SR"].value = 0x2700          -- supervisor, ALL interrupts masked
  cpu.state["SP"].value = 0x8000
  cpu.state["PC"].value = 0x10000
  st, t0 = "running", nil
end

local function report(p, dt)
  local cyc  = dt * CPUHZ / p.iter
  local pct  = 100 * cyc / FRAME12
  results[#results+1] = {p=p, cyc=cyc, pct=pct}
  P(string.format("%s", p.name))
  P(string.format("   %d iterations in %.4f s  ->  %.0f cycles/frame  =  %.1f%% of a 12fps frame",
                  p.iter, dt, cyc, pct))
end

SUB = emu.add_machine_frame_notifier(function()
  local ok, err = pcall(function()
    local t = T()
    if st == "boot" then
      if t < 3.0 then return end
      setup(); step = 1; launch(PLAN[1]); return
    end
    if st == "running" then
      local fl = SP:read_u32(FLAG)
      if fl == 1 and not t0 then t0 = t; return end
      if fl == 0xFF then
        report(PLAN[step], t - (t0 or t))
        if step == 1 and not snapped then st, snapped = "snap", true; return end
        step = step + 1
        if PLAN[step] then launch(PLAN[step]) else st = "finish" end
        return
      end
      if t > 60 then P("TIMEOUT flag="..string.format("%08X",fl)); M:exit() end
      return
    end
    if st == "snap" then
      M.video:snapshot(); P("snapshot taken after V1 -- 68000-drawn frame")
      step = step + 1; launch(PLAN[step]); return
    end
    if st == "finish" then
      P("---- summary (instruction cycles only; real GVRAM adds wait states) ----")
      for _,r in ipairs(results) do
        P(string.format("   V%d  %8.0f cyc  %5.1f%% of 12fps frame", r.p.var, r.cyc, r.pct))
      end
      M:exit()
    end
  end)
  if not ok then print("[BLIT] LUA ERROR: "..tostring(err)); M:exit() end
end)