Pete/internal/storage/tables.go

package storage

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"database/sql"
	"encoding/base64"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
)

// Shared tables: the casino with more than one person at it.
//
// The money model is the thing to understand first, because everything else
// follows from it, and it is *not* the one the plan sketched.
//
// **Chips cross into a table when you sit down, and back out when you get up.
// Nothing in between touches game_chips at all.** Your buy-in leaves your stack
// and becomes a stack inside the engine's own state; antes, bets, pots and
// payouts are all moves within that blob; and getting up is the single write
// that turns what is in front of you back into chips.
//
// This is how hold'em already worked as a solo session, and generalising it is
// what makes a pot safe. The obvious alternative — settle each hand by crediting
// every winner's game_chips row — puts a real money write on the end of every
// hand, and a crash between the credit and the state write pays the winner twice.
// Here a settle credits nobody: it is a state write, conditional on the version,
// and a replay of it affects zero rows and rolls back. The pot cannot be paid
// twice because it is never *paid* at all, only moved.
//
// So the money invariant across a table's whole life is:
//
//	sum(seat stacks in the blob) + pot == sum(game_seats.staked) - rake taken
//
// and the only two statements that move chips across the border are the stake in
// SitDown and the award in LeaveTable — each of them one transaction, each of
// them carrying the state write that justifies it.
//
// The other half is concurrency. A table has two writers where a solo game had
// one: an HTTP move, and a turn clock acting for whoever walked away. The version
// column is the authority — every state write is conditional on the version its
// writer read — and the striped mutex in the web layer is only an optimisation on
// top. Correctness has to live in the database, because a mutex does not survive
// a redeploy: during a drain, two processes hold two different mutexes over the
// same row and both of them believe they are alone.

var (
	// ErrStaleTable means somebody else wrote the table first. The caller's read is
	// out of date; it must reload and decide again. This is not an error condition
	// so much as the normal outcome of a race, and it is what a 409 is made of.
	ErrStaleTable = errors.New("games: the table moved on")
	// ErrNoSuchTable means there is no table with that id.
	ErrNoSuchTable = errors.New("games: no such table")
	// ErrSeatTaken means somebody sat down there between the read and the write.
	ErrSeatTaken = errors.New("games: that seat is taken")
)

// Table is a felt other people can sit at.
//
// State is the engine's State, serialized whole — the same blob game_live_hands
// holds for a solo game, and for the same reason: the deck is in it, so it never
// leaves the server, and a hand survives a redeploy.
type Table struct {
	ID    string
	Game  string
	Tier  string
	State []byte
	Seed1 uint64
	Seed2 uint64
	Phase string
	// HandNo, with the id, is the identity of one hand. It is what the audit trail
	// keys on now that a seed no longer reproduces a hand: at a shared table the
	// cards fall the way they do because of the order the others acted, not just
	// the seed, so "deal it again from seed1/seed2" stopped being a true story the
	// moment there was a second player.
	HandNo int64
	// Version is the concurrency authority. Read it, write against it, and a write
	// that finds it moved is a write that lost the race.
	Version int64
	// Deadline is the unix second by which the seat to act has to act, or 0 for no
	// clock at all. Only a *human* to act sets one: bots resolve inside ApplyMove
	// and there is nobody to wait for.
	Deadline  int64
	CreatedAt int64
	UpdatedAt int64
}

// Seat is one chair. A seat with no MatrixUser is a bot, which is what makes solo
// play just "a table nobody else has joined yet" rather than a second mode.
type Seat struct {
	Seat       int
	MatrixUser string // "" for a bot
	Name       string
	// Staked is what this player brought and has not yet taken home. The chips are
	// off their game_chips stack and inside the table blob, where the idle reaper
	// cannot see them — so this is the row that says they exist.
	Staked   int64
	Away     bool
	LastSeen int64
}

// Bot reports whether nobody is sitting here.
func (s Seat) Bot() bool { return s.MatrixUser == "" }

// NewTableID mints a table id. Short enough to put in a URL, random enough that
// nobody guesses their way onto somebody else's felt.
func NewTableID() (string, error) {
	b := make([]byte, 9)
	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("games: mint table id: %w", err)
	}
	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
}

// OpenTable creates a table and seats it — bots in every chair nobody has taken.
func OpenTable(t Table, seats []Seat) error {
	now := nowUnix()
	tx, err := Get().Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: begin open table: %w", err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback() //nolint:errcheck // no-op once committed

	if _, err := tx.Exec(
		`INSERT INTO game_tables (id, game, tier, state, seed1, seed2, phase, hand_no, version, deadline, created_at, updated_at)
		 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0, ?, ?, ?)`,
		t.ID, t.Game, t.Tier, string(t.State), int64(t.Seed1), int64(t.Seed2),
		t.Phase, t.HandNo, t.Deadline, now, now,
	); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: open table: %w", err)
	}
	for _, s := range seats {
		if err := upsertSeat(tx, t.ID, s, now); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: commit open table: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// upsertSeat writes a seat row inside an open transaction, bots included.
func upsertSeat(tx *sql.Tx, tableID string, s Seat, now int64) error {
	var user any
	if s.MatrixUser != "" {
		user = s.MatrixUser
	}
	if _, err := tx.Exec(
		`INSERT INTO game_seats (table_id, seat, matrix_user, name, staked, away, last_seen)
		 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
		 ON CONFLICT(table_id, seat) DO UPDATE SET
		   matrix_user = excluded.matrix_user, name = excluded.name,
		   staked = excluded.staked, away = excluded.away, last_seen = excluded.last_seen`,
		tableID, s.Seat, user, s.Name, s.Staked, boolInt(s.Away), now,
	); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: seat: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

func boolInt(b bool) int64 {
	if b {
		return 1
	}
	return 0
}

// LoadTable reads a table and everyone at it.
func LoadTable(id string) (Table, []Seat, error) {
	var t Table
	var state string
	var s1, s2 int64
	err := Get().QueryRow(
		`SELECT id, game, tier, state, seed1, seed2, phase, hand_no, version, deadline, created_at, updated_at
		   FROM game_tables WHERE id = ?`, id,
	).Scan(&t.ID, &t.Game, &t.Tier, &state, &s1, &s2, &t.Phase, &t.HandNo, &t.Version, &t.Deadline, &t.CreatedAt, &t.UpdatedAt)
	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return Table{}, nil, ErrNoSuchTable
	}
	if err != nil {
		return Table{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("games: load table: %w", err)
	}
	t.State, t.Seed1, t.Seed2 = []byte(state), uint64(s1), uint64(s2)

	seats, err := tableSeats(id)
	if err != nil {
		return Table{}, nil, err
	}
	return t, seats, nil
}

// tableSeats reads the chairs, in seat order.
func tableSeats(id string) ([]Seat, error) {
	rows, err := Get().Query(
		`SELECT seat, matrix_user, name, staked, away, last_seen
		   FROM game_seats WHERE table_id = ? ORDER BY seat`, id)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: table seats: %w", err)
	}
	defer rows.Close()

	var out []Seat
	for rows.Next() {
		var s Seat
		var user sql.NullString
		var away int64
		if err := rows.Scan(&s.Seat, &user, &s.Name, &s.Staked, &away, &s.LastSeen); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: scan seat: %w", err)
		}
		s.MatrixUser, s.Away = user.String, away != 0
		out = append(out, s)
	}
	return out, rows.Err()
}

// TableSummary is a table as the lobby lists it: enough to decide whether to sit
// down, and nothing that would give away a card.
type TableSummary struct {
	ID        string `json:"id"`
	Game      string `json:"game"`
	Tier      string `json:"tier"`
	Phase     string `json:"phase"`
	Humans    int    `json:"humans"`
	Seats     int    `json:"seats"`
	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updated_at"`
}

// LobbyTables lists the live tables, most recently played first. A game of "" is
// all of them.
func LobbyTables(game string, limit int) ([]TableSummary, error) {
	if limit <= 0 {
		limit = 50
	}
	q := `SELECT t.id, t.game, t.tier, t.phase, t.updated_at,
	             COUNT(s.seat),
	             COUNT(s.matrix_user)
	        FROM game_tables t
	        LEFT JOIN game_seats s ON s.table_id = t.id`
	args := []any{}
	if game != "" {
		q += ` WHERE t.game = ?`
		args = append(args, game)
	}
	q += ` GROUP BY t.id ORDER BY t.updated_at DESC LIMIT ?`
	args = append(args, limit)

	rows, err := Get().Query(q, args...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: lobby: %w", err)
	}
	defer rows.Close()

	var out []TableSummary
	for rows.Next() {
		var s TableSummary
		if err := rows.Scan(&s.ID, &s.Game, &s.Tier, &s.Phase, &s.UpdatedAt, &s.Seats, &s.Humans); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: scan lobby row: %w", err)
		}
		out = append(out, s)
	}
	return out, rows.Err()
}

// ---- writing a table back --------------------------------------------------

// TableCommit is one write-back of a shared table.
//
// There is no payout field, and its absence is the design. A hand ending at a
// shared table moves chips *within* the blob — the pot becomes somebody's stack —
// so settling one credits nobody and mints nothing. What it writes is the state,
// the audit rows, and whatever the seats now look like. The version makes it
// exactly-once: a settle that runs twice loses the race with itself.
type TableCommit struct {
	// Table carries the new state and the version that was *read*. The write is
	// conditional on that version and bumps it.
	Table Table
	// Seats to rewrite — a stack that changed hands, a seat that came back from
	// away. Seats not named here are left alone.
	Seats []Seat
	// Audit is the per-seat record of a hand that just ended. Empty mid-hand.
	Audit []Hand
}

// CommitTable writes a table back, and the hand it just finished with it, in one
// transaction.
//
// The version check is the whole safety property, and it is why this can be
// called by the turn clock and an HTTP move at the same instant without either
// having to trust the other. Whoever gets there first bumps the version; the
// loser's UPDATE matches zero rows, the transaction rolls back, and it comes back
// ErrStaleTable with nothing written — no half-settled hand, no audit row for a
// hand that did not happen.
//
// Nothing in here may call Get().Exec. The pool runs at MaxOpenConns(1), so a
// bare Exec inside an open transaction waits forever for the connection that this
// transaction is holding — and takes the news app down with it. See CommitHand.
func CommitTable(c TableCommit) error {
	now := nowUnix()

	tx, err := Get().Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: begin commit table: %w", err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback() //nolint:errcheck // no-op once committed

	if err := saveTable(tx, c.Table, now); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, s := range c.Seats {
		if err := upsertSeat(tx, c.Table.ID, s, now); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	for _, h := range c.Audit {
		if err := recordHand(tx, h, now); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Playing a hand is the most deliberate thing a player does. Keep the reaper
		// off them — their chips are inside the table blob, where it cannot see them
		// anyway, but their game_chips row is what it reads.
		if h.MatrixUser == "" {
			continue
		}
		if _, err := tx.Exec(
			`UPDATE game_chips SET last_played = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE matrix_user = ?`,
			now, now, h.MatrixUser,
		); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("games: touch session: %w", err)
		}
	}

	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: commit table: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// saveTable is the conditional state write: it lands only if the version is still
// the one the caller read.
func saveTable(tx *sql.Tx, t Table, now int64) error {
	res, err := tx.Exec(
		`UPDATE game_tables SET state = ?, phase = ?, hand_no = ?, seed1 = ?, seed2 = ?,
		        deadline = ?, version = version + 1, updated_at = ?
		  WHERE id = ? AND version = ?`,
		string(t.State), t.Phase, t.HandNo, int64(t.Seed1), int64(t.Seed2),
		t.Deadline, now, t.ID, t.Version,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: save table: %w", err)
	}
	if n, _ := res.RowsAffected(); n == 0 {
		return ErrStaleTable
	}
	return nil
}

// ---- sitting down and getting up -------------------------------------------

// Sit is one player taking one chair, with the table state that has them in it.
type Sit struct {
	Table Table // the new state, and the version that was read
	Seat  Seat  // MatrixUser, Name and the chair; Staked is the buy-in
	BuyIn int64
}

// SitDown moves a player's chips onto a table and puts them in a seat — the first
// of the only two statements in the casino that cross the chip/table border.
//
// It is one transaction and every step of it can refuse:
//
//   - the chips leave in the same statement that checks they are there, so two
//     joins fired at once cannot spend the same chip;
//   - the occupancy claim is game_live_hands' primary key, exactly as it is for a
//     solo hand, so a player cannot be at two tables (or at a table and in a solo
//     game) at once, and a double-clicked Join is a 409;
//   - the seat is taken only if a bot is sitting in it, so two players racing for
//     the last chair cannot both win;
//   - and the state write is conditional on the version, so the engine's idea of
//     who is at the table cannot drift from the seat rows.
//
// Any of those failing rolls back the buy-in with it.
func SitDown(s Sit) error {
	if s.BuyIn <= 0 {
		return ErrBadAmount
	}
	now := nowUnix()

	tx, err := Get().Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: begin sit: %w", err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback() //nolint:errcheck // no-op once committed

	res, err := tx.Exec(
		`UPDATE game_chips SET chips = chips - ?, last_played = ?, updated_at = ?
		  WHERE matrix_user = ? AND chips >= ?`,
		s.BuyIn, now, now, s.Seat.MatrixUser, s.BuyIn,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: stake buy-in: %w", err)
	}
	if n, _ := res.RowsAffected(); n == 0 {
		return ErrInsufficientChips
	}

	// The occupancy claim. The state column is empty on purpose: the cards live in
	// game_tables, and this row exists to be a primary key.
	res, err = tx.Exec(
		`INSERT INTO game_live_hands (matrix_user, game, state, seed1, seed2, table_id, updated_at)
		 VALUES (?, ?, '', 0, 0, ?, ?)
		 ON CONFLICT(matrix_user) DO NOTHING`,
		s.Seat.MatrixUser, s.Table.Game, s.Table.ID, now,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: claim seat: %w", err)
	}
	if n, _ := res.RowsAffected(); n == 0 {
		return ErrHandInProgress
	}

	// Take the chair, but only out of a bot's hands.
	res, err = tx.Exec(
		`UPDATE game_seats SET matrix_user = ?, name = ?, staked = ?, away = 0, last_seen = ?
		  WHERE table_id = ? AND seat = ? AND matrix_user IS NULL`,
		s.Seat.MatrixUser, s.Seat.Name, s.BuyIn, now, s.Table.ID, s.Seat.Seat,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: take seat: %w", err)
	}
	if n, _ := res.RowsAffected(); n == 0 {
		return ErrSeatTaken
	}

	if err := saveTable(tx, s.Table, now); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: commit sit: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// Leave is one player getting up, with the table state that no longer has them.
type Leave struct {
	Table      Table // the new state, and the version that was read
	Seat       int
	MatrixUser string
	// Bot is who takes the chair over. A table always has a full complement, so
	// getting up hands the seat back to the house rather than leaving a hole.
	Bot string
	// Amount is what is in front of them: everything they are taking home. It may
	// be more than they brought, or nothing at all.
	Amount int64
	// Audit, if the leaving itself settles something worth recording.
	Audit []Hand
}

// LeaveTable turns what is in front of a player back into chips — the second and
// last statement that crosses the chip/table border.
//
// One transaction, and the state write is in it. As two statements this is a
// double-pay waiting to happen: award 1,240 chips, fail the state write, and the
// player reloads to find their seat still there with 1,240 in front of it. They
// get up again, and again.
func LeaveTable(l Leave) error {
	now := nowUnix()

	tx, err := Get().Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: begin leave: %w", err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback() //nolint:errcheck // no-op once committed

	if err := saveTable(tx, l.Table, now); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := upsertSeat(tx, l.Table.ID, Seat{Seat: l.Seat, Name: l.Bot}, now); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := tx.Exec(
		`DELETE FROM game_live_hands WHERE matrix_user = ? AND table_id = ?`,
		l.MatrixUser, l.Table.ID,
	); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: release seat claim: %w", err)
	}
	if err := award(tx, l.MatrixUser, l.Amount, now); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, h := range l.Audit {
		if err := recordHand(tx, h, now); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: commit leave: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// TableOf reports which table a player is sitting at, if any. Read off the
// occupancy claim, so it agrees with the cash-out check by construction.
func TableOf(user string) (string, error) {
	var id sql.NullString
	err := Get().QueryRow(
		`SELECT table_id FROM game_live_hands WHERE matrix_user = ?`, user,
	).Scan(&id)
	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return "", ErrNoLiveHand
	}
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("games: table of: %w", err)
	}
	return id.String, nil
}

// CloseTable deletes a table nobody is sitting at. Called when the last human
// gets up: a felt with six bots on it and nobody watching is not a game, it is a
// row that the lobby would advertise forever.
func CloseTable(id string) error {
	tx, err := Get().Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: begin close table: %w", err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback() //nolint:errcheck // no-op once committed

	var humans int
	if err := tx.QueryRow(
		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM game_seats WHERE table_id = ? AND matrix_user IS NOT NULL`, id,
	).Scan(&humans); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: count humans: %w", err)
	}
	if humans > 0 {
		return nil // somebody is still playing; the table stays
	}
	for _, q := range []string{
		`DELETE FROM game_seats WHERE table_id = ?`,
		`DELETE FROM game_chat WHERE table_id = ?`,
		`DELETE FROM game_tables WHERE id = ?`,
	} {
		if _, err := tx.Exec(q, id); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("games: close table: %w", err)
		}
	}
	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: commit close table: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// ---- the turn clock --------------------------------------------------------

// TableRef is a table the clock has found expired: which one, and at what version
// it was seen.
//
// The version is the point. The clock acts only if it is *still* that version by
// the time it takes the lock, because otherwise: Bob's raise lands in the same
// second his clock expires, the action passes to Cara, and the clock — still
// holding its scan-time belief that the seat to act has run out of time — folds
// Cara, who had twenty-five seconds left. That is a one-second window that recurs
// on every single turn of every hand.
type TableRef struct {
	ID      string
	Version int64
}

// DueTables lists the tables whose clock has run out.
//
// It closes the rows before returning, and it must: the caller is about to take a
// table lock and open a transaction, and holding a *sql.Rows across that means
// holding the only connection in the pool while waiting for it. That is not a
// slow query, it is a deadlock.
func DueTables(now int64) ([]TableRef, error) {
	rows, err := Get().Query(
		`SELECT id, version FROM game_tables WHERE deadline > 0 AND deadline <= ?`, now)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: due tables: %w", err)
	}
	defer rows.Close()

	var out []TableRef
	for rows.Next() {
		var r TableRef
		if err := rows.Scan(&r.ID, &r.Version); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: scan due table: %w", err)
		}
		out = append(out, r)
	}
	return out, rows.Err()
}

// PushDeadlines shoves every live clock out by a grace period. Called once on
// boot: a deploy takes a table's clock with it, and without this the first tick
// after a restart wakes up to find every deadline in the casino already expired
// and auto-folds all of them at once.
func PushDeadlines(grace int64) error {
	if _, err := Get().Exec(
		`UPDATE game_tables SET deadline = ? WHERE deadline > 0 AND deadline < ?`,
		nowUnix()+grace, nowUnix()+grace,
	); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("games: push deadlines: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// ---- chat ------------------------------------------------------------------

// ChatLine is one thing somebody said at the felt.
type ChatLine struct {
	ID     int64  `json:"id"`
	HandNo int64  `json:"hand_no"`
	Name   string `json:"name"`
	Body   string `json:"body"`
	SaidAt int64  `json:"said_at"`
	// Mine is filled in by the web layer, per reader. It is not in the database.
	Mine bool `json:"mine,omitempty"`
}

// MaxChatLen is where a message stops. Long enough for a table read, short enough
// that nobody pastes a novel onto the felt.
const MaxChatLen = 240

// Say records a line of chat and returns it. Its hand_no is stamped from the
// table, which is what makes the log answer the only question chat at a money
// table ever really raises: what was said, during which hand.
func Say(tableID, user, name, body string) (ChatLine, error) {
	body = strings.TrimSpace(body)
	if body == "" {
		return ChatLine{}, ErrBadAmount
	}
	if len(body) > MaxChatLen {
		body = body[:MaxChatLen]
	}
	var handNo int64
	if err := Get().QueryRow(`SELECT hand_no FROM game_tables WHERE id = ?`, tableID).Scan(&handNo); errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return ChatLine{}, ErrNoSuchTable
	} else if err != nil {
		return ChatLine{}, fmt.Errorf("games: chat hand no: %w", err)
	}

	now := nowUnix()
	res, err := Get().Exec(
		`INSERT INTO game_chat (table_id, hand_no, matrix_user, name, body, said_at)
		 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
		tableID, handNo, user, name, body, now,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return ChatLine{}, fmt.Errorf("games: say: %w", err)
	}
	id, _ := res.LastInsertId()
	return ChatLine{ID: id, HandNo: handNo, Name: name, Body: body, SaidAt: now}, nil
}

// Chat reads the last few lines said at a table, oldest first.
func Chat(tableID string, limit int) ([]ChatLine, error) {
	if limit <= 0 || limit > 200 {
		limit = 50
	}
	rows, err := Get().Query(
		`SELECT id, hand_no, name, body, said_at FROM game_chat
		  WHERE table_id = ? ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT ?`, tableID, limit)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: chat: %w", err)
	}
	defer rows.Close()

	var out []ChatLine
	for rows.Next() {
		var c ChatLine
		if err := rows.Scan(&c.ID, &c.HandNo, &c.Name, &c.Body, &c.SaidAt); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("games: scan chat: %w", err)
		}
		out = append(out, c)
	}
	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Read newest-first so the LIMIT takes the right end; hand them back in the
	// order they were said.
	for i, j := 0, len(out)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		out[i], out[j] = out[j], out[i]
	}
	return out, nil
}